requestId:684d9119695498.57580767.
Is “The Doctrine of the Mean” about the Doctrine of the Mean?
Author: Fang Chaoxi
Source: The author authorized the Confucian Internet to publish, originally published by “Confucius Research” No. 5, 2021, this is the undisclosed version
【Summary】All learners from ancient and modern times regard the doctrine of the mean as the main theme of the book “Doctor of the Mean”, especially Zhu Xi gave the sacred position of “the body of the Tao” to “the body of the Tao”, which greatly strengthened this explanation. This article has raised the question of this traditional idea. If you go out of excessive science of the doctrine of the mean, you can find that the book “Doctrine of the Mean” is clearly divided, and the basic thread based on self-cultivation and virtue is presented from the beginning to the end. Not only this, since Chapter 12, the Doctrine of the Mean has no longer talked about the Doctrine of the Mean, nor has it taken the Doctrine of the Mean as the main theme of the book, and the content of each department is not easy to understand. When contacting the pre-Qin Wenshu often does not respond to the main theme under the name of the book, it may be discovered that the purpose of the book “Doctor of the Mean” is not the doctrine of the mean, but the cultivation of one’s own virtue. Therefore, we can understand the theme of this book from the end rather than opening the door. The reason why later generations proposed that “The Doctrine of the Mean” was not one book but two books was because they could not use the Doctrine of the Mean to understand the whole book, but no one found that they could use the ability to cultivate their morality to understand the whole book. This article also explores the doctrine of the mean from the beginning, and believes that the “Zhong” of the doctrine of the mean refers to the middle of the Tao; what is said to be unmoved does not mean that desires are not developed – following the way; therefore, the Tao is more important than the middle, and the middle is not an independent model.
【Keyword】Mean Mean Mean Self-cultivation and Ethics
【Author’s Introduction】Fang Chaoxie, a professor from the Qinghua University of Qing Dynasty, a scholar from Taishan, Shandong Province, and a special expert from Confucius Institute. The purpose of the important discussion is Confucianism
1. From Wang Bai’s question discussion
Since Zheng Xuan, scholars have generally believed that the article “The Doctrine of the Mean” discusses the Doctrine of the Mean; especially Zhu Xi’s “Preface to the Chapter and Sentences” uses “Preface to the Mean” as the Taoist scheming, which has led people to think that this book takes the Way of the Mean as the most basic theme. [1] ButZhu Zi’s postgraduate school and Song Dynasty man Wang Baiqiu suspected this. Wang Bai’s “Collected Collection of Lu Yi” Volume 13 “The Ancient Doctrine of the Mean” says:
One day I saw that there was “Two chapters of “The Doctrine of the Mean” in Xihan” and the ancient commentary of the Master said, “There is a “The Doctrine of the Mean” in “The Book of the Mean”” without saying that one of them was destroyed. He was alert and felt that Ban Gu had seen that he was originally two. If you combine and quarrel, is it from the hands of Xiao Dai? He did not know that his predecessors had not named his own title. All topics were divided by later generations. He saw only the differences in the lyrics of the two chapters, so he followed the wrong topic, which formed the overall topic. [2]
Wang Bo believes that Zisi has two chapters of “The Doctrine of the Mean”, and their purposes are different. The first article starts from Chapter 1 to Chapter 20, mainly talks about “cultivating Taoism”; the second article is divided equally from Chapter 20 of the current version, and is based on the label of knowledge: entertainment circle, strong female, female supporting role, time travel, and “Mingcheng” (the chapter of “Doing the Mean” in this article is based on Zhu Xi):
Although each topic has the word “nature”, its meaning is different. One is the source of its nature, and the other is the source of its nature. Although each mentions the word “功”, its purpose is also different. One is based on behavior, so it is called “cultivating Taoism”. First, it is mainly about knowledge, so it is called “clear and honest”. What begins with heaven is finally in heaven; what begins with sincerity is finally in sincerity. The parts are limited and not complicated, and the paint is uniform but not bad. [3]
When Wang Bai analyzed the differences in the contents of the two parts, he pointed out that the current version of “Doing the Mean” was originally a two-book, which obviously realized that there are problems in the structure of the current version of “Doing the Mean” that are not consistent and disagreeable. Wang Bai’s viewpoints were received by ancient people, such as the ancients’ friends, Xu Xie, and contemporary scholars Guo Yi, Liang Bin and others.
Rongyoulan once called Wang in the 1931 edition of “History of Chinese Philosophy” that he proposed the middle section of the current version of “Doing the Mean”, namely Chapter 2 to Chapter 20 “The Determination of the Way before the Tao” “talk about human affairs… It seems that the “Doing the Mean” originally written by Zisi is the category of “Zi Si” in Confucianism in “Han Book·Faiwenzhi”; the remaining section is Chapter 1, Chapter 20, “I will not gain the lowest level in the upper position” to the end, “it was added by later Confucianists, namely “The Doctrine of the Mean” in “Han Book·Faiwenzhi” “The Doctrine of the Mean” in “The Thirteen Schools of All Gifts” ”[4]
After that, Xu Xiu, based on the basis of Wang Bai, a scholar of Song Dynasty, and Wu Nei-Yi-Holy, clearly proposed that the current version of the Doctrine of the Mean can be divided into two chapters, which “starts from the first chapter of the ‘the destiny of heaven’ to the ‘the predecessor of the 20th chapter of the ‘the predecessor of the ‘the predecessor of the ‘the ‘the predecessor’ of the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the ‘the [5] Xu Bing believes that Chapters 16, 17, and 19 “all have nothing to do with the article “The Doctrine of the Mean”. This is caused by the Rong family, and it is caused by the Rong family.” Chapter 28 “is different in the whole text of the next article”, and it is also “from the Rong family to the inside.” [6] Xu Bing believes thatThe next article “It is based on sincere thoughts and opens up the middle” [7]. His conclusion is:
The previous article can be presumed that it is from Zisi, and there may be some of his doormen. The next article is the development of thinking in the previous article. It comes from Zisi’s doorman, who will compile the “Doctor of the Mean” into a book. [8]
The so-called “Doctor of the Mean” in the second chapter is compiled, both after the previous chapter and before Mencius; and in terms of content, except for the sentence “Extremely superior and the doctrine of the Mean” (Chapter 27), it is also found that there is no direct connection with the concept of the Doctrine of the Mean. [9]
Of course, Xu Xie’s view is important to conclude from the example or organizational method that the current version of “The Doctrine of the Mean” is divided into two chapters, but he believes that from the perspective of thinking, “the thinking of the high and low chapters is actually the same” [10].
The ancients Guo Yi and Liang Bian also discussed the structure of the current version of “The Doctrine of the Mean”. They both generally believe that the current version of “The Doctrin
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